Common modifications
Acetylation, N-terminal 
Amide, C-terminal 
Biotin, N-terminal 
Phosphorylation (Ser, Thr, Tyr) 
D-amino acid 
Disulfide bond (1 pair) 

Fluorescence dyes and FRET or quenching pairs 
FITC (fluorescein), N-terminal 
FITC, C-terminal or Lys side chain 
Rhodamine, N-termina 
Dansyl, N-terminal 
MCA,  N-terminal 
MCA, N-terminal/Dnp, Lys side chain
Dnp, Lys side chain 
Abz, N-terminal 
Abz/PNBA 
EDANS or DABCYL 

Special amino acids 
Aib (amino isobutiric acid) 
Aminocaproic acid 
AOAA ( amino-oxyacetic acid) 
Bpa (p-benzoylphenylalanine) 
Cha ( L-cyclohexylalanine) 
CIT(citrulline) 
Cyclohexylalanine 
Cys(acm), Cys(tBu) 
Elaidic acid 
hydroxyproline 
Iso-aspartic 
Iva (Norvaline) 
N-Me-Val 
Nph (para-nitro-phenylalanine) 
Ornithine 
pGlu (pyroglutamate),  N-terminal 
Pyro-amino acid 
Sar  (sarcosine) 
Seleno-methionine 
Stearate (Octadecanoic acid)
Sulfated Tyr 
Valol (amino alcohol of valine) 

Conjugation for antibody production 
BSA 
KLH 
OVA 

Cyclization 
Disulfide bond 
Amide bond 

Others 
Acetylation , Lys side chain 
6-aminohexanoy 
Biotin, C-terminal or Lys side chain 
BtLC (6-biotinamidohexanoyl) 
CBZ  (Benzyloxycarbonylation) 
CMK ( chloromethyl ketone), C-terminal 
DiMe, N-terminal 
Dinitrobenzoylation, Lys side chain 
Disulfide bond (2 pairs) 
Disulfide bond (3 pairs) 
DTPA (diisopropylamine), N-terminal 
Farnesylation, N-terminal 
Farnesylation, side chain or C-terminal 
Fatty acid, N-terminal
Formylation 
HYNIC (hydrazinonicotinamide), N-terminal 
Myristylation, N-terminal 
NHEt (ethylamide) 
NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide ), C-terminal 
Methylation, mono, Lys side chain 
Methylation, di, Lys side chain 
Methylation, tri, Lys side chain 
Oleic acid 
Palmitic acid, C-terminal or  Lys side chain 
Palmitic acid, N-terminal 
Palmitoylation 
PNA, (p-Nitroanilide) 
TNP (Trinitrophenyl) 
g-glutamyl-PAL 

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